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In
histology,
adipose tissue or
body fat or just
fat is loose
connective tissue composed of
adipocytes. It is technically composed of roughly only 80% fat; fat in its solitary state exists in the liver and muscles. Adipose tissue is derived from lipoblasts. Its main role is to store
energy in the form of
fat, although it also cushions and
insulates the body.
Obesity or being
overweight in humans and most animals does not depend on body weight but on the amount of body fat—to be specific, adipose tissue. Two types of adipose tissue exist:
white adipose tissue and
brown adipose tissue. Adipose tissue also serves as an important
endocrine organ
by producing
hormones such as
leptin,
resistin, and the
cytokine TNFα. The formation of adipose tissue appears to be controlled by the
adipose gene. Adipose tissue was first identified by the Swiss naturalist
Conrad Gessner in 1551.
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