Latium is the region of central western Italy in which the city of
Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the
Roman Empire. Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil on which resided the tribe of the
Latins. It was located on the left bank of the
Tiber river, extending northward to the
Anio river and southeastward to the Pomptina Palus as far south as the
Circeian promontory.
The right bank of the Tiber was occupied by the Etruscan city of
Veii, and the other borders were occupied by
Italic tribes. Subsequently Rome defeated Veii and then its Italic neighbors, expanding Latium to the
Apennine Mountains in the northeast and to the opposite end of the marsh in the southeast. The modern descendant, the
Italian Regione of
Lazio, also called Latium in
Latin, and occasionally in modern
English, is somewhat larger still, but not as much as double the original Latium.